伴随核污染条件下海上救捞行动辐射监测与防护研究

Study on the Radioactive Monitoring and Protection Related to Maritime Rescue and Salvage Operations Under the Conditions of Nuclear Contamination

涉核船只一旦在海上失事发生放射性泄漏事故或沉没,极有可能导致失事海域全方位、大范围的放射性污染,在对其实施应急救援或后期打捞过程中,救捞人员将不可避免地面对放射性危害,必须解决水下核辐射场预先评价与实时监测、受照剂量评价、救捞人员辐射防护及污染控制等一系列问题,保证救捞人员辐射剂量最小化,确保救捞任务的有序进行。针对涉核船只海上发生放射性泄漏事故时救捞过程中存在的辐射监测与防护技术难题,提出了解决问题的技术方法及其研究进展情况等,为海上核污染环境下开展救捞行动提供保障。

Once the vessel,which is related to nuclear,wreck at sea resulting in radiation leakage or sinking,it will most likely lead to full-accident area,a wide range radioactive pollution.When emergency rescue or post-salvage is taken,rescue personnel will inevitably cause radioactive damage.To ensure the minimum radiation dose of salvage personnel and smooth salvage mission,series of questions,such as prior evaluation and real-time monitoring of the underwater nuclear radiation field,radiation protection,pollution control and evaluation of radiation doses of salvage personnel,must be resolved.For the problems in the process of salvage of vessels which are occurred radiation leakage at sea,research problems needed to solve,methods and advances are proposed,and provide support for the solution of the problems related to the salvage operations under the conditions of radioactive contamination at sea.