长沙市普通人群的精神卫生知晓情况(英文)

Mental health literacy in Changsha,China

目的评定长沙市公众精神卫生和精神疾病预防知识的知晓情况。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取长沙市辖区随机抽取的2个城市社区和2个农村社区的1660户家庭。从15岁及以上的家庭成员中随机抽取1人进行访谈,完成卫生部推荐的精神卫生知晓率标准问卷(20项)调查。结果 1563人完成有效问卷调查,其中男性676人,女性887人,平均年龄(标准差)为41.9(15.9)岁。平均(标准差)应答正确率为68.5%(46.4%),城市社区平均(标准差)应答正确率[70.5%(13.6%)]高于农村社区应答正确率[66.2%13.5%)](t=6.18,p<0.001)。正确应答率与年龄负相关(r=-0.21,p<0.001),与文化程度正相关(r=0.28,p<0.001),与职业和婚姻状态的差异呈多样相关性。采用逐步回归分析发现文化程度、年龄和职业(农民或工人与其他职业比较)为精神卫生知晓率的独立相关因素。问卷20个条目总体内部一致性及4个分量表的内部一致性偏低(alpha=0.27～0.57)。结论长沙市普通居民精神卫生知识总体知晓率相对较高,但有些方面仍需提高,特别是对于精神疾病病因的认识。公众精神卫生知识的知晓能力随人口学特征不同而有较大差异,因此对不同人群进行特定的精神卫生教育可有效地提高社区居民的精神卫生知识知晓率。今后需修订调查问卷,提高信、效度和内部一致性。

Objective： Assess public awareness about mental health and the prevention of mental illnesses in Changsha, China,Methods： A multistage cluster-sampling method identified 1 660 households in two rural and two urban communities in the Changsha Municipality. One family member 15 years of age or older randomly selected from each household was asked to complete a standardized 20-item survey about mental health awareness developed by the Chinese Ministry of Health （MOH）：Results： 1563 valid surveys were completed by 676 males and 887 females who had a mean （SD） age of 41.9 （15,9） years. The mean （SD）proportion of correct responses in the total sample was 68.5% （46.4%）; the proportion correct in urban respondents [70.5% （13.6%）] was higher than that in rural respondents [66.2% （13.5%）] （t=6.18, p〈0.001）. The proportion of correct responses had a significant negative correlation with age （r=-0.21; p〈0.001）, a significant positive correlation with level of education （r=0.28, p〈0.001） and varied by occupation and marital status. A stepwise regression analysis found that level of education, age and occupation （farmer or worker versus other occupations） were independently related to the level of mental health literacy. The overall internal consistency of the 20 items in the survey and of the four subscales in the survey were weak （alpha=0.27-0.57）. Conclusion： The overall level of awareness about mental health issues in Changsha residents is relatively high but there are still some areas, particularly regarding the causes of mental disorders, that are in need of improvement. The level of mental health literacy varies substantially by demographic characteristics so cohort-specific educational interventions will be needed to effectively improve community awareness. Further revision of the MOH survey will be needed to improve its reliability, validity and internal consistency.