不同主枝开张角度杏树冠层内果实产量和品质差异分析

Analysis on Fruit Yield and Quality in the Canopy of Apricot Trees with Different Open Angle of Main Branch

为了探明杏树冠层内不同部位果实产量和品质的差异,应用树冠分格方法研究了两种不同主枝开张角度冠层内不同部位果实产量和品质的差异。结果表明,不同主枝开张角度杏树冠层内的产量在水平和垂直方向上均主要分布在中部,且具有显著差异,60°自然开心形的单株产量较高,为33.22kg;30°自然开心形单株产量为29.41kg;果实品质各项指标中单果重、Vc含量、总糖和糖酸比是60°自然开心形的显著大于30°自然开心形;果形指数、果皮硬度和滴定酸含量是30°自然开心形的显著大于60°自然开心形;主枝开张角度对单果重、果形指数、果皮硬度、Vc含量、总糖、滴定酸和糖酸比有较显著影响,对果汁pH值和可溶性固形物无显著影响,说明主枝开张角度会影响果实产量和品质,从两个主枝开张角度的综合比较来看,60°比30°更有利于提高产量和品质。

Abstract. In order to verify the differences of fruit yield and quality in different parts of the canopy of a- pricot trees, the method of division in canopy was used to study the fruit yield and quality in the canopy of apricot trees with different open angle of main branch. The results showed that the yield in the canopy of apricot trees with different open angle of main branch were all distributed in the middle part at the horizon- tal direction and at the vertical direction, and had significant difference, and the yield of single plant with 60° open centre shape was higher with 33.22 kg;the yield of single plant with 30° open centre shape was 29.41kg. As for the weight of single fruit,Vc content,total sugar and the ratio of sugar acid concerning the indicators of fruit quality,60° open centre shape were significantly higher than 30~ open centre shape. L/D index, hardness of fruit peels and content of titration acid of 30~ open centre shape were significantly higher than that of 60° open centre shape. The open angle of main branch had more significant effects on weight of single fruit,L/D index,hardness of fruit peels,Vc content,total sugar,titration acid and sugar acid,but had no significant effects on pH value of fruit juice and soluble brix. The experiment result illustrated thatthe open angle of main branch can affect the yield and quality of fruit, from the view of the two open angles of main branch,60~was more advantageous for increasing fruit yield and quality than 30°.