《艰难时世》的心理学解读

A psychological interpretation of Hard Times

运用弗洛伊德心理分析方法来解读小说《艰难时世》,展现人物的内心世界以及人格结构,并探讨这些主要人物心理状态发展的原因和最后结构,进而揭示工业化进程中维多利亚人的生存状况以及人格结构中的不平衡带来的一系列不良后果,最终造就了一个艰难时世。

From the perspective of Freudian psychol- ogy, this thesis attempts to explore the personality structures of major characters and provide new interpre- tation regarding the underlying or unconscious motives of characters＇ actions in Hard Times, together with their formation and the consequences that such personality structures lead to. The balance of the three structures of personality （id,ego and superego） is vital for a person to lead a happy life and for a society to achieve harmo- ny. Most of the characters in Hard Times fail to achieve this balance, which results in their unhappy lives and the hard times.