跳深练习中弹性能量利用的实验研究

Analysis of the Elastic Energy Use in Jump Depth Exercise

运用Vicon运动影像捕捉分析系统,对运动训练专业二级运动员原地纵跳、半蹲跳及不同高度下落跳深动作进行采集与三维重构,运用V3D系统完成身体质心位置坐标计算。依据肌肉收缩理论,借鉴前人对肌肉弹性能利用的计算方法,对受试者不同高度下落跳深的弹性能利用率进行测试分析。结果表明:一般水平的运动员跳深练习中肌肉弹性能利用率,随着下落高度的增加,表现出"增大—峰值—下降"的单峰波特征,最大利用率大约出现在40 cm的下落高度;原地纵跳练习的肌肉弹性能利用率与跳深练习的最大利用率相接近;仅就肌肉弹性能的利用方面,原地纵跳是一种较好的训练方法。

With the analysis system of Vicon Sport ImageCapture, this paper collected and reconstructed 3-dimensionally the actions of vertical jump on site, half-squat jump and jump depth under the different falling height, and calculated the body mass center coordinates with V3D system. Using the theory of muscle elastic energy use, the paper also analyzed the use ratio of muscle elastic energy for subjects tested in different falling height. The results show that the use ratio of muscle elastic energy for general athletes at jump depth exercise presented the feature of single peak wave of “increase-peak-decrease”, along with the increase of falling height, with the maxim of ration at about 40 cm of falling height. There is closeness between the elastic energy use for vertical jump on site and the maxim use ratio for jump depth. As far as the use of muscle elastic energy is concerned, vertical jump on site can be regarded as a good training method.