辐射防护剂研究现状及其进展

Present Status and Progress in Research on Radioprotective Agents

近年来,随着世界核安全形势的紧张以及放射治疗的迅速发展,尤其是日本福岛核电站发生核泄漏事故后,辐射防护剂的研究再一次引起人们的关注。辐射损伤防治药物是救治与防护最为有效和直接的手段之一,在接触放射性物质前使用,能预防射线对人体的损伤,受到照射后使用,能减轻放射病的临床症状,促进早期恢复。自1949年Patt报道半胱氨酸能预防急性放射损伤以来的半个多世纪里,很多国家对辐射损伤的药物预防进行了比较详细的、深入的研究。本工作简述了辐射防护剂的研究简史、化学分类及其作用机理,并就其研究方向作了展望。

These years, with the rapid development of radiation therapy and intense situation of the worldwide nuclear security, radioprotective agents have caused wide concern again, especially after Fukushima nuclear accident. Application of drugs is one of the most useful and direct methods to prevent radiation damage, and will lead to attenuated body injuries before exposure to rays. Even after exposure, the radioprotectant application will also result in alleviated clinical symptoms and rapid recovery. In 1949, Patt reported that acute radia- tion injury could be prevented by cysteine. Now, over half a century has elapsed. Numerous detailed studies on drugs aiming at preventing radiation damage have been conducted by many countries. This paper was written for introducing the brief history of research on radiopro- tective a^ents, classification and mechanism of action, of course, prospect involved as well.