公平与效率结合的典范——《兰哈姆法》商标权取得制度管窥

The Model of Combining Equity with Efficiency——On Glancing at the Acquisition System of Trademark Right of Lanham Act

在商标权取得制度上,美国是实施使用原则的少数国家之一。1946年美国颁布的《兰哈姆法》在使用原则的基础上引入了注册原则内容。但由于《兰哈姆法》规定的"实际使用"注册程序存在不足,导致了商标投资风险、注册申请时内外有别以及理论和实践的不统一等一系列问题。对此,美国在1988年对《兰哈姆法》进行了修正,并在注册程序上增加了"意图使用"内容,从而弥补了"实际使用"的不足。对我国而言,《商标法》中实施的注册原则近乎绝对,过于缺乏使用原则的内容,因此,我国应重新构建商标权取得制度,以期达到公平与效率兼顾的效果。

America is one of the few counties implementing the using principle on the acquisition system of trademark fight.However,the Lanham Act which America issues in 1946 introduces the registering principle on the basis of the using principle.Due to the defect of practical use in procedure for registration,the Lanham Act results in investment risk,differential treatment,disunity between theory and practice and so on.To make up the deficiency of practical use,America revises the Lanham Act in 1988 and adds intent to use to the procedure for registration.For our country,the registering principle of the Trademark Law is absolute and overly lacks the content of using principle,so it causes a lot of problems.Now this is the third times that the Trademark Law is amended,we should rebuild the acquisition system of trademark fight again,so as to achieve such a effect that the Trademark Law gives consideration to both equity and efficiency.