土地立法新探:以土地开发权为视角

New Research on Land Legislation:In a View of Land Development Right

我国的土地立法"重义务轻权利、重政府轻市场",缺少一种产权安排。我国的民事立法采用物权法定主义,尚未对土地开发权做出规定。通过创设土地开发权,可以将农地保护的正外部性内部化,激励农民保护农地,以推动土地用途管制制度的顺利实施。赋予农民集体土地开发权,可以保障农民参与土地增值利益的公平分享和实现土地利用管理中公权与私权以及私权与私权之间的平衡。我国土地开发权制度的实现应当采用开发权移转和国家购买开发权相结合的模式,同时要植根于我国的国情实现土地开发权的本土化。

China＇s land legislation takes more consideration on obligation and regulation than the right and market.China insists the doctrine that law provides the real rights,and China has not the legislation of LDR.This thesis argues that China should provide for the LDR.LDR can internalize the externality,so that TDR can incite farmers to protect the farmland and make the zoning more feasible.To entitle LDR to farmer community can ensure that farmers can enjoy the accruing benefit because of the change from agricultural use to commercial use of farmland.Using the experience of USA for reference,China should take the method of transferable development right（TDR） and purchased development right（PDR）.Meanwhile,China should localize the TDR.