不同纬度生态环境对新疆不同类型冬小麦品种淀粉糊化特性的影响

Effects of Different Latitude of the Ecological Environment on Paste Property of Different Types Winter Wheat Cultivars in Xinjiang

【目的】明确纬度及气象因子变化对新疆不同类型冬小麦品种淀粉糊化特性的影响。【方法】选用7个不同品质类型冬小麦品种,种植在新疆7个不同纬度(N 36～46°)的试验点,待成熟收获后,利用快速粘度分析仪(RVA)进行淀粉糊化特性指标测定。【结果】不同品质类型冬小麦淀粉糊化特性在年份间、地点间、品种间以及互作间的差异均达到了极显著水平;各品质指标平均值都以塔城点最高,于田点最低;且各淀粉糊化特性指标随着纬度升高出现递增的趋势(除峰值时间外)。对不同品质类型冬小麦品种糊化特性表现分析表明,中强筋类糊化特性指标平均值最大,其次是中弱筋类、强筋类。生态因子与不同品质类型冬小麦品种淀粉糊化特性指标的相关分析表明,纬度、平均温度与6个粘度参数指标的相关性都呈显著或极显著相关;光照与稀懈值呈极显著负相关,与峰值时间呈极显著正相关;降水量对所有品质参数(除稀懈值外)都呈负效应。【结论】新疆不同类型冬小麦品种淀粉糊化特性差异显著,同一品种在不同环境下淀粉糊化特性差异也显著;且淀粉糊化特性指标值有随着纬度升高而递增的趋势,过多降水对提高糊化特性不利,较高平均温度则有利。

[ Objective ] The project researched the different latitude and climatic factors affecting the paste property of Xinjiang different quality eultivars of winter wheat. [ Method ] In 2009 and 2010, seven representative winter wheat cultivars were planted in seven locations with the latitude varying from （ N 36 - 46°） in Xinjiang. After maturity and harvest, RVA was used to determine the paste property parameters of each winter wheat cuhivars in every location. [ Result] The results showed that the difference of winter wheat paste properties among locations, cultivars, years and the interaction between them were significantly obvious. The quality characteristic mean value in Taeheng wheat was the best while the quality characteristic mean value in Yutian was the minimum. On the other hand, with the latitude increasing, the quality index was also increasing except peak time. Researching the different gluten cultivars, we know that the middle strong gluten wheat means were the highest, next was the middle weak gluten wheat and the strong gluten wheat. According to the correlation coefficients between climatic factors and paste traits of winter wheat, we can know that the latitude, mean temperature were all positive to paste parameters. The sunshine was extremely minus significant to breakdown and positively significant to peak time. The precipitation was minus to all parameters except breakdown. [ Conclusion] The paste property of Xinjiang different cuhivars of winter wheat are significantly different among locations, cultivars and years. With the latitude increasing, the quality index is also increasing. Too much precipitation is not favorable to improving paste property, but the relatively mean high temperature is beneficial.