不同改良措施对草甸草原群落结构和效益影响的研究

Research on the Influence for Community Structure and Benefit of Meadow Steppe by Different Improvement Measures

【目的】研究不同的改良措施对草甸草原群落结构和效益影响。【方法】对昭苏退化草甸草原打草场实施人为技术措施干预。【结果】各处理草地群落结构、产草量、优良牧草产量均显著提高(P<0.05),灌溉的各处理显著高于未浇水的;最高地上生物量到来的时间比对照提前10 d左右。各处理间平均产草量指数差异显著(P<0.05),从大到小依次为:A2B5>A2B6>A2B4>A2B3>A1B6>A1B5>A2B2>A2B1>A1B4>A1B3>A1B2。灌溉各处理的各因子对产草量影响不同,灌溉+松土的松土因子在6月底～7月初作用最大(20.56%),灌溉的贡献率前期最大(85.49%),而后下降;灌溉+施肥的各处理中,施肥对草地产量的影响前期较大(47.36%～54.47%),而后降低,在最高地上生物量中的作用仅为(6.12%～15.12%),因此水是该区影响草地产量的主导因子。从效益分析,灌溉的效益最高,为912.59元/hm2。【结论】灌溉是轻度退化草甸草原草地最有效的改良措施。

[ Objective] In order to get the influence for community structure and benefit after the differ- ent improvement measures to meadow steppe. [ Method] Using the artificial technology to intervene the degen- erated rangeland of clipping pasture in meadow steppe of Zhaosu. [ Result] Each processing level of the com- munity structure of rangeland, the yield of grass and the yield of the fine forage increase notably （P 〈 0.05 ）. The processing level of irrigation is obviously higher than unprimed and the arrival time of the highest ground biomass was advanced ten days earlier compared to the eontraposition. The index of the average yield of grass in each processing level （P 〈0.05） is obviously different and the sequence is A2Bs 〉 A2B6 〉 A2B4 〉 A2B3 〉A1B6 〉 A1B5 〉 A2B2 〉 A2B1〉 A1B4 〉 A1B3 〉 A1B2 various factors of each processing of the irrigation have a different effect on the yield of grass. The scarification factor in the alliance of the irrigation and scarification has the strongest from late June to early July. The rate of contribution of irrigation reaches the utmost （85.49%） in the earlier period and descends soon after. Fertilization has a great effect （47. 36% - 54.47% ） on the yield of grass in the earlier period and descends soon after, and the effect on the ground bio- mass is （6.12% - 15.12% ）. So water is the leading factor of this area. Analysis on the benefit tells us that the irrigation is the highest which is 912.59 Yuan/hm2. [ Conclusion] The irrigation is the most effective im- proving measure in the mild degenerated meadow steppe.