总括副词“至少”的主观性

The Subjective Use of the Adverb zhi-shao

人们通常认为副词"至少"表示的意义是"最低限度",但在实际的运用当中,"至少"有"不止"、"不仅仅"的规约含意。由于"至少"的使用与说话人紧密相关,因此不可避免地带上了说话人自我的印记。"至少"的规约含意"不止"、"不仅仅"表现了说话人对句子命题的主观介入,表现为说话人对句子命题的肯定程度或对命题的主观认识。在北京大学现代汉语语料库(CCL)中包含"至少"的语料中,"至少"的用法归纳为标记和无标记用法。在这两种用法中,"至少"的主观性体现了说话人主观认识、主观解释、主观情感。

zhi-shao at least is usually believed to have the meaning of the lowest bound,but in application,it＇s general conventional implicature is ＂more than＂ and ＂not just＂.Since the usage of zhi-shao at least is closely connected with the speaker,it demonstrates the features of the speaker.The general conversational implicature ＂more than＂ and ＂not just＂ reflects how the speaker interprets the utterances.Two usages of zhi-shao at least： the marked usage and the unmarked usage,are found in the.data collected from CCL,Based on the two usages,the subjectivity of zhi-shao at least can be demonstrated from the perspective of subjective understanding,subjective explanation and subjective emotions.