乌鲁木齐铁路局管辖地区生活饮用水水质卫生调查

Hygienic Survey of Dringking Water Quality in Area Controlled Over by WuLuMuQi Railway Department

为了全面了解乌鲁木齐铁路局管辖地区生活饮用水卫生状况,对乌铁局所管辖范围的南疆、北疆、东疆铁路沿线及乌鲁木齐共127个水源点分别在丰水期和枯水期进行了27个项目的全面系统的水质检验,采集样品共254份,共测有效数据6777个,结果表明:大多数分析指标符合国家生活饮用水卫生标准,超标项目分别为氯化物超标率112%,硫酸盐超标率231%,总硬度超标率为163%,溶解性总固体超标率为175%,氟化物超标率为20%,总大肠菌群超标率为271%,氨氮超标率为56%,亚硝酸盐超标率为32%,浑浊度、色度、耗氧量超标率分别为52%、08%和04%,除总大肠菌群和极个别项目外,最高值超标倍数不大,波动范围在(01～32)之间,超标项目分别是由地下水天然水质不良和地面水污染引起,同时提出全局水性传染病呈逐年下降趋势,分析了饮用水污染指标与水性传染病的关系,指出保护水源水质卫生的重要性及必要性。

To understand the hygienic situation of drinking water quality in the areas controlled over by WuLuMuQi Railway Department,we made a 27\|item water quality inspection along Nanjiang,Beijiang,Dongjiang and WuLuMuQi Railway in 1994,which consisted of 127 water sources and was carried out in high and low water season respectively.254 Samples were examined and 6 777 indexes were available.It showed that most items were accorded to the National Hygienic Standard of drinking water.Items over the standard were:chloride(11 2%),sulphate(23.1%),total hardness(16 3%),resoluble total solid(17.5%),fluoride(2.0%),total coliform group(27.1%),ammonia\|nitrogen(5.6%),nitrite(3.2%),turbidity scale(5.2%),degree of color (0.8%) and oxygen demand (0.4%).Except for total coliform group and few items,the maximum values over the standard were not too high,the range of them was between (0.1~3.2).These excesses were caused by bad natural quality of ground water and pollution of surface water.We also proposed that water\|borne communicable diseases had decreased gradually these years and analyzed the relationship between drinking water quality and water\|borne communicable diseases,and pointed out the importance and requirement of hygienic protection of water supply sources.