滇中常绿阔叶林及云南松林枯落物的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE LITTER-FALL IN EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST AND PINUS YUNNANENSIS FOREST IN THE MIDDLE OF YUNNAN PROVINCE

本文以滇中高原为背景。研究了通海秀山常绿阔叶林及云南松林的凋落物的数量、组成、季节变化规律、营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn、Fe)含量、以及林地枯枝落叶层的现量,研究结果表明滇中地区森林的年凋落量是较大的,营养元素含量及贮量也是丰富的。两类森存林的凋落规律相似,常绿阔叶林的凋落量、营养元素含量及其贮量都大于云南松林,但两类森林的枯枝落叶现存量则相接近,说明常绿阔叶林的物质循环周期较云南松林短。文章提出为了提高森林土壤肥力、加快生物循环过程,增加生物产量,要注意保存林地内还原于土壤中的所有凋落物。

The composition, quantity, element content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Fe, and seasonal change patterns of litter-fall as well as standing crop of litter-fall on forest floor were studies in Tong Hai county of Yunnan province in this paperThe results show that the mean annul total dry weight of litter-fall in the Pinus yunnanensis forest is up to 3.6 t/ha, while in evergreen broad-leaved forest it is 5.5 t/ha. The seasonal change patterns of falling in both types are similar, and it exhibits two falling peaks ( main peak in April-May and secondary peak in November-December ) in a year. The order of the chemical components of litter-fall in the Pinus yunnanensis forest tend to be Ca>N>K>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>Cu, in evergreen broad-leaved forest it is Ca>N>K>Mg>Fe>Mn>P>Cu, the total amount of elements in evergreen broad-leaved forest is greater than that in Pinus yunnanensis forest. About 72 -82℃ of the contents of chemical elements in both types are rich in the leaves.The standing crop of litter-fall on forest floor in evergreen broad-leaved forest is slightly greater than that in Pinus yunnanensis forest.