三峡地区的区域差异与前清移民高潮在各区域的梯次出现

Regional Differences and Diversity of Migration Waves in the Early Qing Dynasty of TG Areas

按照自然地理条件与社会发展水平,前清的长江三峡地区大致可以细分为三峡沿岸、土司管辖深山地区、非土司管辖深山地区三个区域。在前清移民开发高潮到来之时,这三个区域都存在着人口稀少、亟待移民开发的现实问题。从康熙中后期开始直到乾隆前期,三峡沿岸各州县人口迅速增多;后两个区域人口增长的高峰迟于三峡沿岸各州县,大致发生在乾隆前期、乾隆中后期至道光年间。清代三峡各区域移民高潮的梯次出现在很大程度上与各区域的地理位置、交通条件、社会发展水平相关。

According to the geographical conditions and social development level, the Three Gorges areas in the early Qing Dynasty can be roughly divided into—the regions along the Three Gorges, minority nationality regions ruled by the chieftain, and other remote mountains. Before the arrival of a large number of immigrants, few people lived in these regions where the resettlement and development were urgent problems. From later reign of emperor Kangxi to the early ruling of Qianlong emperor, population of all these counties along the Three Gorges increased rapidly; but the peak of population growth in the other two regions were later than the regions along the Three Gorges, which probably appeared from the reign of emperor Qianlong to the ruling of Daoguang. To a large extent, hierarchical occurrence of the migration waves in the Three Gorges areas was associated with the regional location, traffic conditions and social development level.