冲突与调适:人性发展与社会变迁——奥格本《社会变迁》读书笔记

Conflict and Adjustment:Development of Humanity and Social Evolution

从初民社会到现代社会,人性的发展是一个非常缓慢的过程,与此相反,外界社会的物质文化环境的变迁却是巨大的。缓慢的人性发展和不断变化的物质文化环境的不一致,会造成各种现代社会的"文化病"。要解决犯罪、心理疾病等社会问题,就要诉诸对人性的探讨以及人性与物质环境二者的调适。调适的最基本方法有两个:替代机构和娱乐。这两种方法都是在人性的回归和诉求的基础上提出来的,具有一定的推广价值。

The development of humanity is a slow process from the primitive to modern society. However, changes in the outer material and cultural environment are tremendous. Such an incongruity will result in ＂cultural diseases＂ of different kinds in modern society. The solution of such social problems as crimes and psychological diseases lie in humanity and the adjustment of humanity and the material environment. As regards the methods of adjustment, there are two： substitutive organs and recreation. Basing themselves on the return of humanity, both are worthy of being advocated.