纪念性景观的视觉特征解析

Analysis of Visual Features of Memorial Landscape

基于人类视觉特征的景观形态设计是纪念性景观传达场所精神的基础。以纪念性景观中的视觉特征为研究对象,通过对优秀纪念性景观形态实例的搜集和整理,将纪念性景观依照视觉特征进行统计和分类,并结合案例分析,从6个方面对所提取视觉特征的数据进行数值分析。包括:空间轴线与总平面的数量关系;景观空间序列与游览路线的比照;以景观节点为驻足点的视锥;景观剖面天际线;景观视线通廊长宽高的比例;行列、矩阵及超常尺度景观要素的统计。基于分析结果,将纪念性景观还原成4种"图式"并给出数值描述,最终归纳出纪念性景观在视觉特征上的普遍规律,以期指导纪念性景观的形态设计。

Memorial landscape is a unique and significant type of artificial landscape,commemorating the historic events and figures,in which visual features and designs are usually essential ways to express the site spirit.Different from the conventional classification method,this paper presents a new insight into the classification of memorial landscape based on visual features through creating a statistical sample of outstanding memorial landscape cases.Numerical analysis on the data of visual features is introduced,including mathematical statistics and regression analysis with the software Matrix Laboratory.The analysis centered on 6 aspects：Numerical relationship between axis and the master plan;Comparative analysis of landscape spatial sequences and promenade;Analysis of visual cones taking landscape nodes as stopping points;Analysis of skylines of landscape sections;Proportional relation analysis of landscape sight corridors’ LWH（lengths,widths,heights）;Statistical analysis of ranks,array and supernormal scale landscape elements.Four patterns of memorial landscapes with numerical descriptions are summarized through above analyses,and common rules of applying visual features in memorial landscape are suggested to strengthen the site spirit and monumentality.