儿童原发性肾病综合征并发高凝状态与血栓栓塞的机制

Mechanisms of hypercoagulability and thromboembolism in pediatric primary nephrotic syndrome

高凝状态和血栓栓塞在原发性肾病综合征(PNS)中发生率很高,且其形成机制颇有争议,包括内皮损伤,血小板活化,凝血功能和抗凝血功能失衡,以及肾病综合征(NS)导致的蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症等。近年来,大规模临床病例对照研究进一步阐释了NS患者高凝状态与血栓栓塞的机制。

Patients with the nephrotic syndrome are at increased risk of developing hypercoagulable states and thromboembolism, the most common of which is renal vein thrombosis. There are several unanswered or controversial issues relating to the mechanisms of the hypercoagulability and thromboembolism in the nephrotic syndrome which include endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, functional disequilibrium between coagulation and anticoagulation, and proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia caused by NS. In the recent years, the mechanisms have been updated by many case-control studies.