冷水泳浴对高尿酸血症模型大鼠诱发痛风性关节炎的影响

Effect of swimming in cold water on gouty arthritis of rats with hyperuricemia

目的观察冷水泳浴对制备与临床发病机制相似的大鼠痛风性关节炎模型的影响。方法采用隔天sc给予氧嗪酸钾1 ml.kg-1(隔天1次,共6次),并每天喂饲含次黄嘌呤饲料制备高尿酸血症模型。冷水泳浴大鼠每天在10～12℃水中泳浴10 min,共12 d。每天观察大鼠后肢是否出现肿胀,记录发生肿胀的大鼠数。用多普勒微循环测定仪测定大鼠右后肢足单位面积红细胞矢量和血灌流单位(BPU),全自动生化分析仪测定血清和关节腔尿酸浓度,HE染色观察踝关节组织病理变化。结果高尿酸血症+冷水泳浴组大鼠关节肿胀发生率为76.7%,冷水泳浴组和高尿酸血症模型组大鼠均未见后肢肿胀。冷水泳浴和高尿酸血症对大鼠后肢微循环均有明显影响,与正常对照组比较,冷水泳浴组、高尿酸血症模型组及高尿酸血症+冷水泳浴组BPU明显降低(P<0.01);高尿酸血症+冷水泳浴组比高尿酸血症模型组和冷水泳浴组微循环阻滞更加明显(P<0.01)。造模第6和12天,与正常对照组血清尿酸浓度的80±13和(81±41)μmol·L-1相比,冷水泳浴组无明显变化;高尿酸血症模型组分别为550±362和(1073±332)μmol·L-1,高尿酸血症+冷水泳浴组分别为570±458和(817±338)μmol·L-1,均明显升高(P<0.01)。与正常对照组踝关节腔中尿酸浓度(18±16)μmol·L-1比较,其余各组大鼠均明显升高(P<0.01);其中高尿酸血症+冷水泳浴组(382±200)μmol·L-1明显高于冷水泳浴组(26±12)μmol·L-1和高尿酸血症模型组(137±53)μmol·L-1(P<0.01)。踝关节组织病理学检查结果表明,正常对照组、冷水泳浴组和高尿酸血症模型组无明显病理变化,高尿酸血症+冷水泳浴组可见滑膜内及周围软组织血管扩张充血,炎症细胞浸润。结论冷水泳浴可促使高尿酸血症大鼠诱发类似临床痛风性关节炎的关节肿胀。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of swimming in cold water to prepareing a gouty arthritis model with clinical pathogenesis.METHODS A persistant hyperuricemic model was prepared by giving rats oxonic acid 1 ml·kg-1 and feeding them with hypoxanthine.Rats swam in cold water 10-12℃,10 min every day,for 12 d during the model preparation.The rat hind limbs were observed every day to find out whether swelling occurred,and the number of rats with swelled hind limbs was recorded.Rat foot microcirculation was expressed as blood perfusion unit（BPU）,which was determined by Doppler microcirculation radiometer.Uric acid concentrations in serum and joint cavity were determined by automatic biochemistry analyzer.The histopathological changes in hind ankle joints were observed with HE staining.RESULTS The incidence of swelling of hind limbs of rats in hyperuricemia＋swimming in cold water group was 76.7%,but no swelling was observed in other groups.Rat foot microcirculation was influenced obviously by swimming in cold water and hyperuricemia.Compared with normal group,BPU in swimming in cold water,hyperuricemia model and hyperuricemia＋swimming in cold water groups significantly decreased（P0.01）.The microcirculation in hyperuricemia＋swimming in cold water group was slower than that in swimming in cold water and hyperuricemia model groups（P0.01）.On the 6th and 12th day after prepariation of the model,compared with normal group（80±13） and（81±41）μmol·L-1,serum uric acid in swimming in cold water group did not change.Serum uric acid was（550±362） and（1073±332）μmol·L-1 in hyperuricemia model group and（570±458） and（817±338）μmol·L-1 in hyperuricemia＋swimming in cold water group,which were all obviously higher than those in normal group（P0.01）.Uric acid concentration in joint cavity in three treatment groups were all higher than that normal group（18±16）μmol·L-1,and uric acid in hyperuricemia＋swimming in cold water group（382±200）μmol·L-1 was much higher than that in swimming in cold water group（26±12）μmol·L-1 and hyperuricemia model group（137±53）μmol·L-1（P0.01）.The histological abnormalities of ankles showed that rats in hyperuricemia＋swimming in cold water group suffered from ankle injury,such as hemangiectasis,congestion,and infiltration of inflammatory cells in synovium and the soft tissue around,while the other groups did not.CONCLUSIONSwimming in cold water can induce swelling similar to gouty arthritis with clinical characteristics in persistent hyperuricemia rats.