日语主体动作客体变化动词句的及物性——认知语言学视角

On the transitivity of Japanese verb structures with agent subjects and patient objects—A cognitive perspective

日语中主体动作客体变化动词被看成是及物动词的典型。但是,实际上由此类动词组成的句子,有些可以看成是及物的典型,而有些则介于及物与不及物之间,还有些则含有不及物或受动的含义。本文重新审视句子在产出过程中受到的各个层面的影响,认为句子的及物性不单由动词的及物性来决定,还要考虑到事态和认知主体认知。对于事态和认知主体的认知的分析本文主要采用动作链模式,综合地对句子的及物性进行考察。

In Japanese,predicate verbs with agent subjects and patient objects are regarded as typical of transitive verbs.However,among sentences containing this kind of verbs,some are typical in transitivity,others lie between transitivity and instransitivity,and still others are featured by intransitivity or passivity.Emphasizing various possible influences on sentences during the process of language production,this article argues that transitivity encoded in a sentence is not only determined by transitivity of the predicate verb used and that considerations should also be given to the state of the event involved and the cognitive state of the speaker.Such states are investigated by means of the Action Chain Model,which makes it possible to analyse sentence transitivity in a more comprehensive way.