华北土石山区典型森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应

Hydrological Effects of Forest Litters and Soil in Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China

以河北省围场县北沟林场内4种不同林分的枯落物层和土壤层为研究对象,对其水文效应进行初步研究。结果表明:(1)落叶松、油松混交林枯落物蓄积量最大,为12.28t/hm2,最大持水量为24.60t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为27.19t/hm2;油松林的枯落物蓄积量为11.74t/hm2,最大持水量为19.30t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为22.21t/hm2;落叶松林的枯落物蓄积量为9.32t/hm2,最大持水量为11.60t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为16.20t/hm2;落叶松白桦混交林的枯落物蓄积量为5.58t/hm2,最大持水量为12.90t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为13.53t/hm2。(2)半分解层枯落物浸泡8h已基本达到饱和,而未分解层需浸泡10h,通过分析得出持水量与浸泡时间的关系为Q=aln(t)+b;枯落物在浸水的前30min内吸水速率最大,6h左右时吸水速率明显减缓,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间的关系为V=ktn。(3)落叶松白桦混交林土壤层持水能力最强,为377.03t/hm2;落叶松油松混交林土壤层的持水能力最差,为241.9t/hm2,利用幂函数对入渗速率与入渗时间进行拟合,其相关系数均在0.95以上。

A pilot study of hydrological effect s of litters layer and soil layer was carried out in four kinds of forest stands in Beigou forest farm, Hebei province. The result showed： （1）The litter total storage capacity of Larix principis-rupprechti mixed Chinese pine was 12.28 t/hm^2 , the maximum water capacity was 24.60 t/hm^2, the modified interception amount was 27. 19 t/hm^2 ; the litter total storage capacity of Chinese pine was 11.74 t/hm^2, the maximum water capacity was 19. 30 t/hm^2, the modified interception amount was 22.21 t/hm^2 ; the litter total storage^2, capacity of Larix principis-rupprechti was 9.32 t/hm^2 , the maximum water capacity was 11.60 t/hm^2 , the modified interception amount was 16.20 t/hm2 ; the litter total storage capacity of Larix principis-rupprechti mixed white birch was 5.58 t/hm the maximum water capacity was 12.90 t/hm^2 , the modified interception amount was 13.53 t/hm2. （2）Semi-decomposition litter reached satu- ration in 8 h, and without-decomposition litter in 10 h, the relationship of water holding capacity and soaking time was Q=aln（t）＋b; the absorption rate was the largest in first half-hour, after 6 h, the rate was obvi- ously slowed down and the relationship of absorption rate and soakperiod was V=kt＂. （3）The soil water holding capacity of Larix principis-rupprechti mixed white birch was the strongest to 377.03 t/hm^2, and Larix principis-rupprechti mixed Chinese pine was the worst to 241.9 t/hm^2 , using power function of infil- tration rate and infiltration fitting time, the correlation coefficient was above 0.95.