韩国民主化进程中的工人运动

Labor Movements during South Korea's Democratization

一般认为,工人阶级在一个社会中是最活跃、最具革命性的群体,在民主化过程中,工人阶级应当发挥关键乃至领导者的角色。但本文认为,韩国的经验并未证明这一点。相反,在韩国的民主化过程中,工人阶级表现得比较稳定。不论是1987年之前的"不充分民主"阶段,还是之后的"形式民主"的实质化阶段,韩国的工人阶级都始终表现为社会中的稳定力量,而不是积极参与民主运动并容易引起社会动荡的力量。这主要是由于国家通过控制意识形态、工会和立法以及限制工人阶级的体制外同盟对工人运动加以控制,同时也采取了相应的经济、政治以及配套的社会措施对其加以疏导,同时也伴随着工人阶级自身所作的适应和调整。

Generally, the working class is considered as the most radical group in a society and as an important role during the democratization. However, it is not the case in South Korea. No matter before the critical 1987 or after that, labors in South Korea was a stable force rather than a radical force leading to unrest. This was mainly because that the South Korea government had taken such measures as controlling ideology, labor unions and legislation as well as limiting the participation of ＇ the third party＇into labor movements to control the development of labor movements. At the same time the government channelized labor movements through some economic, political and social arrangements. Along with government＇s role in shaping and influencing labor movements, the labor itself had also made adjustment.