《说文》籀文与殷商文字合证

A Comparative Study on Zhou-wen in Shuowen jiezi and the Ancient Chinese Characters of Shang Dynasty

前贤曾指出《说文》籀文与殷商文字有相似之处,惟过往对籀文与殷商文字关系作考察的研究甚少。此文对照了《说文》籀文与殷商文字的字形,统计两者相同的字数,从而考察它们的关系。通过字形比勘,可知《说文》中有不少籀文字形与殷商文字相合。但与此同时,文章亦指出殷商文字与《说文》籀文仍有若干差异,商代的文字系统尚未发展至籀文的程度。从时序上看,籀文应与西周金文一样,是继承殷商文字的构形逐步发展而来的。广义言之,殷商文字可视为籀文的源头。

Critics in the past has ever stated that there are similarities between Zhuo-wen and the ancient Chinese characters of Shang dynasty.However,little attention is paid to this aspect in the previous research.This article is a comparative study on Zhou-wen and the inscriptions of Shang dynasty.Through comparison,we find that a number of Zhou-wen in Shuowen jiezi is identical to the inscriptions.It is certain that Zhou-wen is a kind of characters adopted in the ancient period.Nevertheless,the characters of Shang dynasty may not be regarded as Zhou-wen.It is because there are still some differences between the scripts of Shang dynasty and Zhou-wen,and the level of development of Shang characters is distinct from Zhou-wen as well.Therefore,we believe that Zhou-wen is a succession of the scripts of Shang dynasty.Generally speaking,the inscriptions of Shang dynasty may be considered as the origin of Zhou-wen.