“宁失藩服,毋损郡县”:中法战争与晚清国家观念的变迁

"Rather Losing Vassal States than Damaging Prefectures and Counties":Sino-French War and Changes of Idea of State in Late Qing Dynasty

"宁失藩服,毋损郡县"是清政府在地缘政治变化下的战略调整,是在华夷秩序瓦解后晚清"国家"观念的重大转变。正是在"宁失藩服,毋损郡县"影响下,"大一统"的边际与"中国"的边缘日趋统一;传统的"一统天下"、"一统四夷"观念,向稳定、维护多民族国家的"一统"观念转变。由此,"中国"观念在近代中国的转型中进行了调适,即认同的"中国"不再是文化上的"天下一统",而是具体的、现实的多民族的国家统一体。

The policy of ＂rather losing vassal states than damaging prefectures and counties＂ was a strategic adjustment for the Qing Government due to the changes of geopolitics,and was a significant transition of its idea of state.Owing to this influence the bound of ＂big unification＂ was adjusted accordingly along with the margin of ＂China＂.The traditional concept of ＂rule all the land＂ changed to the idea of maintaining the stability of a multi-ethnic country.Therefore,the concept of China was adjusted in the transformation of modern China： China was no longer a cultural ＂world unity＂,but a specific,real unity of the multi-ethnic country.