企鹅珍珠贝主要污损生物的季节变化及对贝生长的影响

Seasonal Variation of Major Fouling Organisms of Pteria penguin (Rding) and Its Effects on the Growth Performance of the Shell

在不同的季节,对企鹅珍珠贝[Pteria penguin (Rding)]污损生物的种类、感染率、感染部位及对企鹅珍珠贝生长情况的影响进行了统计分析。结果发现:①贝体上污损生物的种类和附着量均有明显的季节性变化,夏、秋两季的污损生物种类和生物量明显高于春、冬两季(其中夏季最高)。夏、秋两季污损生物的优势种群均有海绵、才女虫、盘管虫、龙介虫、藤壶和海鞘;春、冬两季污损生物的优势种群均有藤壶和草苔虫,其中冬季的优势种群还有柳珊瑚,春季的优势种群有海鞘。在相同的季节(冬季),野生企鹅珍珠贝和养殖企鹅珍珠贝的附着情况大致相同,但才女虫、盘管虫和龙介虫在野生贝上的寄生量明显比养殖贝上的少。②养殖企鹅珍珠贝在不同季节均感染了多毛类寄生虫病,春夏秋冬感病率依次为11.76%,36.51%,27.58%,19.56%;在冬季,养殖企鹅珍珠贝的感病率要比野生企鹅珍珠贝的高。在4个季节中,养殖企鹅珍珠的壳表感病率均比壳内感染、壳内和壳表同时感染的机率要高,其中春、冬2个季节中,壳内染病率要比壳内和壳表同时染病率要高,而夏、秋2个季节恰好相反。③养殖企鹅贝中健康贝与病贝的生长,夏季差异显著(P<0.05),其他季节不显著。

The species, biomass, infection rate, infection position of biofouling at Pteria penguin and its effect on their growth performances were analyzed at different seasons. The results showed that ① the species and the biomass of fouling organisms on the Pteria penguin varied with seasons significantly, which were significantly higher in summer and autumn than that in spring and winter （that in summer was the highest）（P0.05）; the common dominant species of biofouling in summer and autumn were sponge （phylum porifera）, polydora, hydroides, serpula, balanus and sea squirt, however, they were horny coral, balanus and bugula in spring, they were sea squirt, balanus and bugula in winter; in winter, the attachment situation of wild Pteria penguin were similar to that of cultured Pteria penguin, however, the parasitic load of polydora, hydroides and serpula in wild Pteria penguin were significantly lower than that in cultured Pteria penguin. ②the cultured Pteria penguin were infected by polychaete parasitosis in all seasons, and the infection rates of spring, summer, autumn and winter were 11.76%, 36.51%, 27.58%, 19.56%, respectively; in winter, the infection rate of cultured Pteria penguin was higher than that of wild Pteria penguin; the infection rates of surface shell were higher than that of the inner shell as well as both surface and inner shell in all seasons; in spring and winter, the infection rates of the inner shell were higher than that of both surface and inner shell, while in summer and autumn the results were opposite. ③ the growth performances of healthy Pteria penguin were higher than that of the infected one, especially in summer, the difference was significant.