死喻“复活”与死喻派生演变机理对比研究

A Contrastive Study on the Semantic Evolvements of Revivals and Metaphorical Semantic Extensions of Dead Metaphors

死喻复活与死喻派生有着完全不同的语义演变机理。死喻复活指死喻由隐喻意义回归到字面意义;死喻派生是指死喻由本义派生新的隐喻意义。研究结果表明,复活类死喻的字面意义一般是非隐喻性的,在特定的语境条件下可以＂复活＂。字面意义为隐喻的死喻一般不能＂复活＂,其原因在于隐喻性字面意义没有实指功能。因此不能把死喻的二度隐喻衍生现象视为死喻＂复活＂。

The revival of dead metaphors and the metaphorically semantic extensions of dead metaphors are,as a matter of fact,different semantic developmental phenomena of two types of dead metaphors.The former indicates the returning of the metaphorical meaning of the dead metaphor to its literal meaning,and the latter refers to the metaphorically semantic extensions of the dead metaphor.The revival of dead metaphors results from their non-metaphorical literal meanings,while dead metaphors,whose literal meanings are metaphorical,are usually unable to revive.Therefore,the metaphorically semantic extensions of dead metaphors should not be viewed as the revival of dead metaphors.