启发式教学法在有机化学“羧酸及其衍生物”教学中的应用

Heuristic Approach in Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives of Organic Chemistry

本文介绍了启发式教学法在有机化学"羧酸及其衍生物"课堂教学中的应用。在总结前期学习内容的基础上,针对羧酸分子中羰基活泼性,α-氢的活泼性及酸性等问题,我引导学生从比较甲酸与甲醛和甲醇分子结构入手,紧紧围绕甲酸分子结构中介于碳-氧双键与碳-氧单键之间的碳-氧键长,分析甲酸分子结构的特点,定性地解答甲酸与甲醛和甲醇化学性质的差异性,加深了学生对羧酸结构与化学性质的认识,提高了学生的学习积极性,取得了良好的教学效果。

This paper is a description of the application of heuristic method on carboxylic acid and their derivatives of Organic Chemistry. After bringing forward the discussing topics, such as the activities of carbonyl, a-hydrogen and acidity related to carboxylic acid, the students are directed to compare the corresponding bond length of methanoic acid with formaldehyde and methanol. Focusing on carbon-oxygen bond length in the methanoic acid, which is between carbon-oxygen double bond and carbon-oxygen single bond, the students have comprehended the super-conjugated structure characteristic of carboxylic acid and the chemical property of carboxylic acid could be deduced based on structure understanding. Encouraged by director, the students＇ interest is greatly enhanced and good results have been achieved.