电子束辐照对黄瓜、丝瓜和花生花粉萌发率和果实的影响

EFFECTS OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION ON POLLEN GERMINATION RATE AND FRUIT OF CUCUMBER,TOWEL GOURD,AND PEANUT

对黄瓜、丝瓜和花生的花粉分别进行剂量为300、400、500、600和800Gy的电子束辐照,在液体培养基中进行了花粉离体培养和观察,并以黄瓜的辐照后花粉进行人工授粉.研究结果表明,电子束辐照剂量在300～500Gy范围内明显提高了黄瓜花粉的萌发率;300～800Gy辐照剂量均大大提高了花生花粉的萌发率;300～400Gy的辐照剂量对丝瓜花粉萌发率无显著影响;高于500Gy的辐照剂量使花粉萌发率明显降低;600和800Gy辐照后的黄瓜花粉授粉产生的果实均发生了诱变效应,外形较短粗,质量增加,但种子的胚全都不发育.此研究结果对探讨应用电子束辐照花粉进行诱变育种的研究具有重要参考意义.

Pollens from cucumber,towel gourd,and peanut were irradiated with electron beams at doses of 300,400,500,600 and 800 Gy.The irradiated pollens were then cultured in liquid medium.Cucumbers were pollinated with the irradiated pollens.It was found that irradiation at 300 to 500 improved pollen germination rate significantly in cucumber,whereas at 300 to 800 Gy improved pollen germination rate significantly in peanut.Irradiation at 300 to 400 Gy had no effect on pollen germination rate in towel gourd,but at 〉500 Gy.pollen germination rate was decreased markedly.Mutagenic effect was observed in cucumbers pollinated with pollens irradiated at 600 to 800 Gy;these fruits became podgy,with increased weight,and had poorly matured seeds.These data indicated that electron beam irradiation produced mutagenic action on pollens.