圣书与白话——《圣谕》俗解和一种现代白话的夭折

The Sacred Edict and Mandarin——The Sacred Edict,Its Vernacular Explanation and the Abortion of a Modern Mandarin

康熙《圣谕十六条》和雍正《圣谕广训》流行于有清二百年间,直到清末民初仍有余响。康熙《圣谕十六条》出现之后,遂有大量通俗解释的版本,其中白话解释版尤值注意。王又朴的《圣谕广训衍》影响最大,由清初到道咸间而截,其后则被改编为《圣谕广训直解》流行于世。《圣谕广训衍》的白话甚至比"五四"诸子的白话还好,而改编的《圣谕广训直解》则不堪卒读。周作人接触到的是后者,所以对其内容和语言双方面严加批评。本论文即从语言的雅俗文白对峙和周氏对圣书及其语言的评论出发,还原一种白话的历史生态,并解释其夭折之因。

Originated in early Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Yongzheng＇s Sacred Edict was very popular in more than two hundred years. After being issued, Sacred Edict has its vernacular explanation, especially the mandarin version which deserves our attention. Wang Youpu!s Mandarin Explanation on Sacred Edict has great influence before 1840, which was adapted as the Direct Explanation of Sacred Edict monopolized afterward. The mandarin of the former version is even better than the May Fourth＇s, while the latter version is worse and hard to read. Based on the latter, Zhou Zuoren heavily criticized Sacred Edict＇s language and content. This paper gives an explanation Of why Sacred Edict＇s mandarin was aborted.