乳腺增生发病机制的研究进展

Progress of Research into the Pathogenesis of Breast Hyperplasia

乳腺增生病(HDBA)为女性常见的以周期性乳房疼痛为主要特征的非炎症、非肿瘤的慢性乳房疾病。目前认为雌激素与孕激素的比例失调为HDBA主要病因,乳腺中的胆固醇及其氧化产物胆固醇环氧化物等均可诱发乳腺上皮细胞增生;催乳素亦与乳腺增生的发生、发展有关;一些特异性基因在乳腺增生病中也有不同程度的表达,最终导致乳房纤维组织增生、纤维囊性增生和纤维腺瘤的形成等一系列病理改变。

Breast hyperplasia is a common chronic non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic female breast disease,of which the cyclical breast pain is the main feature. Currently the disproportionality of estrogen and progesterone was thought to be the main cause of HDBA; yet the cholesterol and its oxidation products of cholesterol epoxide of the breast can induce breast epithelial cell proliferation and hyperplasia of mammary glands ; prolactin is also related to the occurrence and development; expression of some specific genes also increase in various degrees in hyperplastic disease in the breast, which altogether eventually lead to a series of pathological changes, such as breast tissue fiber hyperplasia, cystic hyperplasia, breast fibroadenoma formation and so on.