不同相对频率言语操作反馈对投篮绩效影响的实验研究

Experimental Research on the Effects of the Different Relative Frequency of Verbal KP on the Performance of Foul Shot

以篮球项目中的基础技术原地单手肩上投篮为测试技能,探讨不同相对频率操作反馈(以下简称KP)对该技能学习绩效的影响。将56名体育学院右利手大学一年级男生随机分配到33%KP组、100%KP组、渐减KP组和控制组当中,每组14人。分别在4种不同的KP控制条件下练习投篮技能,每天练习30次。在练习期间教师按照实验控制条件,并依据原地单手肩上投篮动作的易犯错误分别为各组被试提供恰当的言语反馈。在第3天全部练习结束后休息3 min,进行无KP学习阶段测试,24 h之后再进行无KP保持阶段测试。实验结果显示:(1)学习阶段100%KP组的绩效明显优于33%KP组和渐减KP组;而在24 h保持阶段这种趋势发生了逆转,即33%KP组和渐减KP组的绩效明显优于100%KP组;(2)渐减KP组与33%KP组绩效未出现显著性差异;(3)不同相对频率KP组绩效优于控制组。

This experiment examined the effects of different relative frequency KP on the performance of foul shot. 56 college students were randomly dis- tributed into four groups（ 14 each group）： 33% KP group, 100% KP group, fading KP group and control group. The subjects practiced 30 foul shots everyday under the four conditions. During the practices, the instructor provided appropriate verbal feedback for subjects, according to the frequently errors of foul shot. On the 3rd day, the performance of foul shot without KP was examined after 3 minutes rest and after 24hours, the performance of foul shot with- out KP was examined again. The experimental results showed： （1） The performance of 100% KP group was significantly superior to that of 33% KP group and fading KP group in the acquisition test, while in the retention test of 24 hours later this trend arose a reverse, that was, the performance of 33% KP group and fading KP group were significantly superior to that of 100% KP group; （2） There was not the significant difference between 33% KP group and fading KP group; （3） The performance of experimental groups was all superior to that of control group.