厦门市入侵害虫芒果壮铗普瘿蚊(双翅目:瘿蚊科)为害情况调查

Investigation of the invasive insect Procontarinia robusta (Diptera:Cecidomyiida) in Xiamen City

【背景】芒果壮铗普瘿蚊是厦门市2000年发现为害芒果树的一种入侵害虫,并呈现逐年扩散趋势。【方法】本文于2009～2010年针对厦门市7个代表性地点(集美大学周边、同安小西门、思明湖滨南路、东渡周边、鼓浪屿、海沧沧虹路、杏林镇)的芒果壮铗普瘿蚊的为害率、为害程度及羽化率情况进行调查。将叶片上的虫瘿密度划分为3个等级,分别为1～50、51～100、>100个·片-1。【结果】2009年春梢叶片受害率最高的为海沧区(95.46%),但与思明区(94.00%)、同安区(80.09%)没有显著差异,集美(22.50%)被害率显著低于其他区域;2009年秋梢海沧区叶片受害率达到97.05%,显著高于其他区域,集美受害率最低(18.00%);2010年春梢叶片受害率较低,均在3%以下,各区域差异不显著。2009～2010年的为害程度主要集中在1～50个·片-1,2009年春各区域的为害率普遍高于2009年秋和2010年春。羽化率比较结果表明,各区域瘿蚊的羽化率相当,2009年春均在80%左右波动,2009年秋为60%～94%,2010年春各区域瘿蚊的羽化率明显低于2009年。【结论与意义】由于厦门市2010年春气温明显低于2009年,造成调查时为害情况较轻。但从总体上看,芒果壮铗普瘿蚊在厦门市的发生情况较为严重。本研究可以为明确该虫的扩散趋势及制定防治措施提供依据。

[Background]The invasive insect Procontarinia robusta was first found in Xiamen City in 2000.The spread of this destructive insect poses a serious threat to mango trees.[Method]The percentage of leaf infestation,infestation level,and the emergence rate of the insect pest were analyzed in Jimei University,Tongan Xiaoximen,Siming,Dongdu,Gulang Island,Haicang,and Xinglin,all in Xiamen City.The levels of infestation were classified into 1～50,51～100,and 100 galls per leaf.[Result]There was no significant difference in the percentages of leaf infestation in Haicang（95.46%）,Siming（94.00%）,and Tongan（80.09%） in spring 2009,but a significantly lower infestation rate was found in the Jimei area（22.50%）.In fall 2009,the highest infestation of P.robusta was observed in Haicang（97.05%）,with a significant difference compared with the other areas;The lowest infestation was found in Jimei（18.00%）.No significant difference was found in spring 2010,with less than 3% infestation in the seven areas.A considerable number of galls were found,up to 1～50 galls per leaf,especially in summer 2009.The emergence rate in summer 2009 and fall 2009 were 80% and 60%～94%,respectively.A low rate of emergence was found in spring 2010.[Conclusion and significance]The lower infestation levels found in spring 2010 were probably due to climatic factors.The different areas have no effect on the emergence rate.Once the populations of P.robusta have been successfully established,the fecundity is unaffected.The study provide basis for understanding the spread of P.robusta and making control measures.