茭白鞘叶成分及其尿素和碱处理的影响

Ingredients of Sheathing Leaf of Zizania latifolia and the Effects of Urea and Sodium Hydroxide

通过比较分析夏、秋季茭白鞘叶(sheathing leaf of Zizania latifolia,SLZL)、叶片等成分差异,并利用5%尿素和3%氢氧化钠(sodium hydroxide,NaOH)溶液处理,观察、分析其对SLZL感官和成分的影响,以期为SLZL饲料化利用提供依据。结果显示:秋茭鞘叶的总能和粗蛋白含量分别比夏茭高1.85%～2.28%和6.42%～10.14%,而粗纤维、中洗纤维、酸洗纤维、半纤维、木质素和粗灰分的含量低于夏茭,夏、秋茭叶片的总能和粗蛋白含量分别比叶鞘高8.59%和71.47%;尿素溶液处理后SLZL呈鲜绿色,NaOH处理后呈浅黄色,且质地明显变软、变薄;NaOH处理后干物质和粗蛋白的溶出率分别为48.42%和13.52%,是尿素组的2.8倍和5.4倍,中洗纤维和半纤维的溶出率达到27.27%和24.15%。由此,秋茭鞘叶的饲用价值要优于夏茭,叶片优于叶鞘和鞘叶,尿素和NaOH处理有利于提高草食动物对SLZL的适口性和养分消化,结合生产实际,尿素处理SLZL是可选择的方法。

The ingredients of sheathing leaf of Zizania latifolia（SLZL） in summer and autumn seasons were analyzed,and the effects of 5% urea and 3% sodium hydroxide（NaOH） solution on the senses and ingredients of SLZL were investigated to find the possibility that SLZL will be used as a crude feed resource.The results showed that：general energy（GE） and crude protein（CP） contents of SLZL in autumn were 1.85%～2.28% and 6.42～10.14% higher than those in summer respectively.But contents of crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,semi-fiber,lignin and crude ash were less than those in summer.GE and CP contents of leaf blade were 8.59% and 71.47% higher than leaf sheath in both summer and autumn.The color of SLZL treated with urea and NaOH became bright green and pale yellow,respectively,and its texture became soft and thin.Dissolve rates of dry matter and CP of SLZL treated with NaOH were 48.42% and 13.52%,which were 2.8 and 5.4 times of those treated with urea treatment,respectively.The dissolve rates of neutral detergent fiber and semi-fiber were 27.27% and 24.15% in SLZL treated with NaOH.It can be concluded that the feed value of SLZL in autumn is better than that in summer,and leaf blade better than leaf sheath.Urea and NaOH treatment can improve palatability and nutrient digestion of herbivorous animals,and urea treatment is more possible to be used in practice.