中国乡村长寿现象与人居环境研究——以湖北钟祥为例

Study on the longevity phenomena and human settlements in rural China: Taking Zhongxiang city as an example

乡村长寿现象与人居环境的关系,是地理学与相关学科关注的课题。本文基于人文地理学与人居科学、环境科学和乡村社会等多学科视野,根据世界长寿之乡和中国百岁老人的分布规律,阐述了乡村长寿现象的涵义,分析了客观存在的乡村长寿现象及其成因。同时,以湖北钟祥为案例,运用模糊评价法、综合评价法和比较研究法,系统考究了乡村长寿现象与优越自然生态环境、和谐人文社会环境以及舒适人工居住环境的关系,归纳了乡村长寿现象的客观必然性和成因的综合性、长寿与人居环境的正相关性、山区与平原乡村长寿现象的同质性以及人类诉求健康长寿的永恒性等五个可供思考的重要命题,并对建设有利于"居民健康长寿"的乡村人居环境提出了相关政策建议。

Relationship between longevity phenomenon and human settlements in rural areas of China is an issue that geography and relevant disciplines focus on.Based on the multidisciplinary perspective of human geography,human settlement science,environmental science and rural community,the article illustrates the definition of longevity phenomenon in rural areas and analyzes the phenomenon of objective existence and its causes.Meanwhile,taking Zhongxiang city of Hubei Province as an example,this article comprehensively observes and studies the relationship between longevity phenomenon of rural China and the superior natural environment,harmonious social humanity environment and comfortable living condition.It examines five important aspects for reference,i.e.,the objective necessity of longevity phenomenon in rural areas,the comprehensiveness of the causes,the positive correlation between longevity and human settlements,the homogeneity of the longevity phenomenon between mountainous areas and plains and the immutability of a good health and a long life that human has been pursuing.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions in policy-making to build a rural human settlement which is conducive to a good health and a long life of residents.