城市化快速进程中河道利用与管理存在的问题及对策

Problems in River Use and Management during the Rapid Urbanization Process and the Strategies

由于城市化进程的加速,河道范围内土地占用、入河污染物大量排放、河道资源无序开采等活动,对河道产生了不同程度的影响和破坏。本文探讨了城市河道自然功能及社会服务功能演变趋势及规律,总结了城市河道所面临的诸如河面率缩减、河道水质恶化、河道形态及结构破坏等一系列问题,挖掘了引发河道问题的深层原因。在借鉴城市河道利用与保护相关研究成果的基础上,在工程、技术、管理等方面分别提出了河道保护的措施与建议,如在城市化初期开始完善城市河道保护体系,加强日常监督、工程治理、资金支持和行政管理以促进城市化建设与河道利用的协调发展,从而积极应对城市河道利用中的问题,为河道的可持续利用和科学管理提供有意义的借鉴。

The acceleration of urbanization process poses greater challenge for storage capacity, resource development and utilization, pollutants self-purification, landscape and other service functions of urban rivers. Severe threats and challenges faced by urban river channels under the background of urbanization were summarized in this paper, including the increase of occupied land area, disorderly exploitation of water resources, water quality deterioration, river channel sedimentation and excessive mining, the destroy of river configuration and structure and so on. The negative effects of the above problems on the sustainable utilization and management of urban river channel and the healthy development of urban economy were also analyzed. Besides, in this paper, the function evolution trend of river channel from natural service to social service as well as the relationship between social service function and the urbanization process were discussed and explored. At the same time, the paper has deeply discussed the restriction of urbanization to the social service function based on the analysis of the functional requirements and the existing problems, Reasons for those problems include insufficient regulatory ability, incomplete river management and planning, the low and lagging capital investment, the absence of the matching project facilities and so on. At last, solutions and countermeasures for sustainable protection and management of river channel were proposed in the paper： firstly, urban river channels should be protected and restored from the aspects such as engineering building, technology and management; secondly, we should establish a protection system in which restoration project, financial support, government management and daily regulation are strengthened to promote the coordination of sustainable utilization of river basin with the development of the city, thus providing meaningful references for the management and protection of urban river channels.