基于投入产出分析的北京市居民消费碳足迹研究

Study on Carbon Footprint of the Household Consumption in Beijing Based on Input-Output Analysis

随着我国城镇化的加快和人民生活水平的提高,居民消费碳足迹越来越不容忽视。本文在综述国内外居民消费碳足迹的基础上,以投入产出法为基础,深入研究了北京市2007年居民消费直接碳足迹和隐含碳足迹的特征。结果显示:城镇居民碳足迹总量约7993万t,约为农村居民碳足迹总量1195.55万t的7倍。其中城镇居民碳足迹以隐含碳足迹为主,农村居民碳足迹以直接碳足迹为主。从居民消费隐含碳足迹构成来看,城镇居民以食品、交通和通信、文教娱乐用品和服务为主,分别为35.2%,14.1%和13.8%;农村居民主要以食品、居住、交通和通信为主,分别为32.4%,21.9%和12.3%。此外,居民消费隐含碳足迹随着收入水平的增加而增加,尤其是交通和通信碳足迹增加明显。最后针对北京市城乡居民消费碳足迹的特征,分别给出了相应的政策建议。

Industry is generally recognized as the main source of greenhouse gases. However, with rapid urbanization of China and significantly improved household living standard, the carbon footprint of household consumption should not be ignored any more. A general overview of carbon footprint of household consumption shows that domestic study on this field is less intensive than abroad and needs to be further developed. In this paper, a comprehensive study on direct and embodied carbon footprint of Beijing household consumption was made based on input-output analysis. The results reveal that： 1） Total carbon footprint of Beijing urban residents in 2007 was 79.93 Mt, about seven times of that of rural residents. And embodied carbon footprint is predominant in urban resident consumption while direct carbon footprint is predominant in rural resident consumption; 2） As for the composition of household consumption’s embodied carbon footprint, Food, Transport communications and Education, culture recreation services are the top three categories for urban residents with ratios of 35.2% , 14.1% and 13.8% respectively. However for rural residents, Food, Residence and Transport communications are the top three categories with ratios of 32.4% , 21.9% and 12.3% respectively; 3） Embodied carbon footprint increases with the residents’income level and the increase of carbon footprint from Transport and communications consumption is especially obvious. Carbon footprint composition of urban household consumption will also change with the increase of income level but that of rural household consumption is relatively stable. At the end of the paper, corresponding policy proposals for rural and urban household consumption were given separately according to carbon footprint analysis. For rural residents, advanced heat supply technology for heating system is the best solving method for now. For urban residents, carbon footprint can be reduced from the following two aspects： first, adjust industrial structure and energy structure and improve the utilization ratio of energy; second, try to guide residents to a healthy consumption pattern.