美国网络外交效用分析——以奥巴马政府对伊朗网络外交为例

Functional Analysis of U.S. Cyber Public Diplomacy:a Case Study of Obama's Cyber Public Policy on Iran

奥巴马上台之后推出了"公共外交2.0"政策,试图用网络科技来提升公共外交的效用。本文以传播学和国际政治学相关理论为视角分析美国网络外交的战略意图,并结合奥巴马政府对伊朗网络外交评价其实际效用。本文认为,美国实施网络外交的目的在于促进心灵沟通,减少传播噪音,丰富外交手段。奥巴马政府对伊朗网络外交实践表明,美国借助网络媒介可以更加迅速、便捷地传播美国的价值观和政策主张,但仅凭网络沟通和政治作秀,难以达到赢得他国民心的目的。美国利用网络媒介占据信息传播的高地,达到了塑造舆论环境、扰乱他国秩序的目的。美国网络外交与传统外交相互配合,软硬兼施,实践了"巧实力"外交战略。美国网络外交是一种廉价但可能高回报的外交方式。

The Obama administration,launched 'public diplomacy 2.0',trying to use network technology to enhance the effectiveness of public diplomacy.From the perspective of communication and international politics,the paper discusses the ideological content of U.S.cyber public diplomacy,and through the case study of Obama's cyber diplomacy on Iran,investigates the actual effectiveness of U.S.cyber diplomacy.The case study of Obama's cyber diplomacy on Iran's shows that,internet media can make the spread of American values and policy proposition more rapidly and more conveniently,but only by virtue of cyberspace communication and 'political show',it is difficult to achieve the purpose of winning the heart of other nations.