普什图民族主义的产生及发展

Pashtun Nationalism:Emergence and Development

普什图民族主义产生于20世纪20年代的英属印度。英属印度殖民地教育的发展、普什图人教育朝圣之旅的建构和抗英斗争的开展,以及南亚次大陆民族宗教矛盾的激化等因素催生了普什图民族主义,建构了普什图民族政治共同体的想象。印巴分治之后,普什图人的族群认同高于国家认同、巴基斯坦政府对普什图部落地区管理的缺失、普什图地区发展状况的落后及境外势力的支持进一步强化了普什图人构建政治共同体的想象,促成了普什图民族主义发展。

Pashtun nationalism emerged in British India in the 1920s. Many factors, such as the development of British colonial education in India, the construction of Pashtuns＇ education pilgrimage and Pashtuns＇ anti-British struggle,and the exacerbation of ethnic and religious conflicts in South Asian subcontinent,bred Pashtun nationalism and the imagination of Pashtuns＇ ethnic political community. After the partition of India and Pakistan, the Pashtuns＇ ethnic identity ishigher than national identity. Pashtun tribal areas lack government management.The backward situation in the Pashtun areas and the support of foreign forces, further strengthened the imagination to build the political community for Pashtuns.Pashtun nationalism thus develops further.