英国宪政的精髓:议会主权与司法独立相结合的宪政体制

The Essence of the Constitution of England——the Combination of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Independence of the Justice

英国作为创建近代宪政制度的开路先锋,既没有成熟的宪政模式可资借鉴,也缺乏系统的宪政理论以供指导。然而,英国宪政却在实践中运行顺畅、效果良好,并在总体上表现出平稳性与实用性的特征。造成这一现象的根本原因在于,议会主权与司法独立相结合的宪政体制。前者关乎国家的内政、外交及其国家治理,通过不同权力之间的配置制约王权;后者关乎社会秩序与正义,通过特殊的"技艺理性",以看似顽固不变的改良方式维持着对于任何专断权力的制约。

As a pioneer in modern constitution system, the constitution of England has neither the political model to learn, nor the wonderful constitution theory to guide. However, it runs smoothly and gets good effect in practice, of which has the feature of sta- bility and practicality in general. The root cause is the combination of parliamentary sovereignty and independence of the justice. The former restrict royal power by the different power configuration, thus it has the close relation with the country＇ s internal and foreign affairs and national governance. While the latter relates to the social order and justice, which constantly constraint any ar- bitrary power by a special ＂Artificial reason＂.