清代乡饮酒礼的社会轨迹

The Sociological Significance of Community Drinking Ceremony in the Qing Dynasty

清代乡饮酒礼是官员与民间精英合作起来,彰显朝廷儒礼治国理念的社会教化礼。其中,州县乡饮是官方扩展政治资源的平台,地方官选择齿德财势俱佳之人作为乡饮宾介,以假他们的实力来协办乡村社会纷繁杂芜的事务。里社乡饮则与保甲、乡约、宗族等乡民自治体系相配合而发挥教化作用,一道维护着乡村社会秩序。在乡饮礼执行过程中,地方出现的无故停废乡饮,仪轨混乱,乡饮宾不得其人等反常现象,削弱了乡饮礼既定的社会作用。晚清时期,由于政局动荡和财政压力,乡饮酒礼不再强制执行,它因此在一些地方由国家礼法演变成民间礼俗。

The Community Drinking Ceremony in the Qing Dynasty is a ceremony that reflects the Confucian conception of ruling the country and it acts a role as a link between the officials and the local elite community.In provinces and prefectures,the ceremony is a channel for officials to handle the local affairs by the hand of the elite community.In rural areas,working with other local autonomic systems,the Community Drinking Ceremony plays a role of moral education and maintenance of social order.In the process of observing the ceremony,there arose many problems,to the weakening of the original social function of the ceremony.In the later Qing period,the observation of the ceremony became not enforced,due to the social turbulence and financial pressure and finally it developed into a folk custom in some places.