生涯发展的混沌特征与生涯辅导的范式整合

Chaotic Characteristics of Career Development and Paradigm Integration of Career Counseling

生涯辅导是职业指导的升级,从职业指导进化到生涯辅导存在明显的范式转换。与职业指导相比,生涯辅导主要表现出以下特点:1)研究者充分认识到生涯发展的混沌特征;2)高度重视个体独特的生活经验、自我建构以及机遇因素对生涯发展的影响;3)生涯辅导理念有大的转变,不再刻板追求可控性和确定感,转而强调持续的学习与适应;4)特别强调培养生涯适应的"元胜任力";5)在咨询实践中综合应用信息提供式、理性决策式和叙事取向的辅导技术。

Career counseling is an upgrade from the vocational guidance,however there is a clear paradigm shift in the evolution of the vocational guidance to the career counseling.Compared with the vocational guidance,the career counseling primarily demonstrates the following characteristics： 1） researchers fully understand the chaos characteristics of career development;2） great importance is attached to the individual＇s unique life experience,opportunities for self-construction,and the impact of attractors on career development;3） the concept of career counseling has a big change,no longer pursuing a rigid control,instead of emphasizing continuous learning and adaptation;4） with special emphasis on career ＂meta-competencies＂;5） at consulting practice,counseling techniques,such as information type,rational decision-making style,and narrative approach,are comprehensively applied.