中国的机械进口与工业化道路:基于亚洲间贸易的视角(1912-1937年)

Import of Machinery and Industrialization of China: Based on Intra-Asian Trade Theory (1912-1937)

1912-1937年间中国的机械进口受外部环境影响较大,整体上呈起伏波动状,由此反映战前中国工业发展的周期主要由政治因素所决定。机械进口作为技术引进的重要途径,似未对整个经济发展起到较显著的外溢作用。受工业实力与政治因素影响,中国的机械进口市场由英、美、日、德四大列强支配。20世纪初日本从欧美进口机械的态势与中国有相似之处,但日本通过战略干预,在战前创造了对自己有利的东亚机械贸易结构,其主导的东亚产业结构亦延续到战后。因此,战前"亚洲间贸易"对中国工业是不利的,东亚工业化存在着两条竞争性道路。

During 1912-1937,the import of machinery of China was affected by the external environment and fluctuating,and it shows that the cycle of pre-war industrialization of China was determined by political factors.As an important way of introduction of technology,the import of machinery didn’t bring great spillovers to the whole economy.The Chinese market of machinery was controlled by Britain,America,Japan and Germany.The structure of import of machinery of Japan was as the same as China during the beginning of 20th century,but Japan made a gainful structure by strategic interventions and it lasted until post-war time.The pre-war ＂Intra-Asian Trade＂ was harmful to China and there were two competing way of industrialization in East Asia at that time.