三倍体葡萄胚挽救技术研究

Studies On The Triploid Grape By Embryo Rescue

为了克服葡萄二倍体品种与四倍体品种之间的杂交不亲和性,本试验选择巨玫瑰×兴华一号、4x玫瑰香×2x玫瑰香、4x玫瑰香×红旗特、京亚×87-1、2x玫瑰香×4x玫瑰香、87-1×巨玫瑰、红旗特×巨玫瑰7个杂交组合进行了葡萄二倍体和四倍体品种间杂交后代的胚挽救研究,并对巨玫瑰×兴华一号、2x玫瑰香×4x玫瑰香、87-1×巨玫瑰三个杂交组合后代胚挽救试管苗进行根尖染色体鉴定的研究。结果表明,不同杂交组合胚挽救的最佳取材时期不同,多数组合授粉后45～55d接种效果最好;而2x玫瑰香×4x玫瑰香和87-1×巨玫瑰在花后65d胚珠发育率最高,2x玫瑰香×4x玫瑰香胚珠最高发育率可达到100%。多数杂交组合胚珠的最高萌发率在花后65d,其中2x玫瑰香×4x玫瑰香胚珠的最高萌发率可达到76.67%;巨玫瑰×兴华一号在花后55d,4x玫瑰香×红旗特在花后70d。巨玫瑰×兴华一号杂交组合后代三倍体的比例为60%,87-1×巨玫瑰杂交组合后代三倍体的比例为12%,2x玫瑰香×4x玫瑰香杂交组合后代三倍体的比例为31%。

Abstract： Aimed to overcome crossing incompatibility between diploid and tetraploid grape cuhivars,The test selection Jumeigui x Xinghuayihao, 4xMeiguixiang x 2xMeiguixiang, 4xMeiguixiang x Hongqite, Jingya 87 - 1,2xMeiguixiangx 4xMeiguixiang,87-1x Jumeigui,Hongqitex Jumeigui seven hybrid combinations of grape cuhivars of diploid and tetraploid embryo rescue of hybrid offspring,And Jumeiguix Xinghuayihao, 2xMeigu- ixiangx 4xMeiguixiang,87-1x Jumeigui three giant crosses generations vitro embryo rescue studies for identi- fication of root tip chromosomes.The results indicated that crossing combinations were different, optimal times were different optimal effects of most combination were 45-55 d after pollination. And the optimal times of 2xMeiguixiangx 4xMeiguixiang and 87-1x Jumeigui were 65d after pollination,The highest development rate of 2xMeiguixiang could reach 100%;Optimal times of germination of most crossed combinations were 65d af- ter poUination,and Jumeigui x Xinghuayihao and 4xMeiguixiangx Hongqite were 70d after pollination,and 2xMeiguixiangx 4xMeiguixiang could reach 76.67% ,Jumeiguix Xinghuayihao triploid offspring ratio of 60%, 87-1x Jumeigui triploid offspring ratio of 12%, 2xMeiguixiangx 4xMeiguixiang triploid offspring ratio of 31%.