基于支付能力与支付意愿的居民生活用水水价承受能力研究——以广州市番禺区为例

Affordability of domestic water price based on ability and willingness to pay——A case study of Panyu District of Guangzhou

从支付能力和支付意愿的角度，应用扩展线性支出系统（ELES）模型和条件价值评估法（CVM），定量研究居民生活用水水价承受能力．以广州市番禺区为例，通过2005-2009年截面数据资料和问卷调查数据，定量研究了城镇和农村居民生活用水水价支付能力和支付意愿，并分析了2011年番禺区居民对新调整居民生活用水水价的承受能力．结果表明，2005-2009年，达到平均收入水平的番禺区居民对水价具有支付能力，其基本用水需求能得到满足，但低收入户，尤其是农村低收入户的水价支付能力有限，是水价改革应重点关注的对象；CVM调查结果显示，番禺区居民对2011年生活用水水价的支付意愿为2.163元/m3；2011年，番禺区居民生活用水价格由2.00元/m3上调为2．15元／m3,达到平均收入水平的番禺区居民对新水价具有承受能力。

The affordability of domestic water price was quantified based on residents＇ ability to pay （ATP） and willingness to pay （WTP）, by using the extended linear expenditure system （ELES） model and the contingent valuation method （CVM）. Taking the Panyu district of Guangzhou as an example, we carefully analyzed ATP and WTP of residents living in urban and rural areas respectively. The statistics was calculated on the basis of the surveys and historical dataset on the domestic water expenditure from 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, we analyzed the affordability of domestic water price in 2011. The residents whose income was on and over average can afford the domestic water and their basic water demands were satisfied during the period of 2005 to 2009. However, the residents whose income was below average are unable to pay for the domestic water, which was very common in the rural areas. It was therefore very necessary to place emphasis on these people living in the rural areas. The result based on CVM indicated that the residents are willing to pay 2.163 yuan/m3 for domestic water in 2011. When the domestic water price increases from 2.00 yuan/m3 to 2.15 yuan/m3, the residents whose income was on average should be able to pay for the domestic water.