音乐以何种方式作用于人脑的探究

A Probe into the Way in Which Music Affects Human Brain

音乐是以何种方式作用于人脑，是长期以来始终困惑于我国音乐界、至今尚没有得到完满解释的一个问题。但是，利用神经科学、生理学和心理学等相关学科的相关研究却如雨后春笋般蓬勃发展，逐渐成长壮大起来。例如：林华所著《音乐审美心理学教程》中，在介绍情绪和情感时就运用了神经科学和脑科学进行了阐述；罗小平所著《音乐心理学》一书中，大量介绍了国外利用神经生物学、神经心理学及神经解剖学，研究与音乐相关问题的发展状况；

As early as in the 1990's,large input was made to speed up neurobiological research in the major scientific powers in the world.Today,neurobiology is considered a popular science of the 21 st century.In 1990,the United States put forward a ″Ten-Year Plan for Brain″,and in 1991,the Ten-Year Plan for EC Brain was put into practice in Europe.This was followed by a Japanese great cross-century research project named ″The Age of Brain Science″ which was formulated in 1996 with a huge budget of investment for the next 20 years.Spurred on by the tremendous research achievements in neurology and brain science,scientific powers of the world started to establish many related sciences such as Neuroarthistory,Neuromusicology,Neuroaesthetics,Cognitive Aesthetics,Nervous Psychology of Music,Neurological Music Education,Die Kunst des Musizierens,Music Classification Neural Networks and Neural Network Music Composition.These sciences,created on the basis of brain science or neurology,make use of the theories,principles and research methods of brain science or neurology for researches on basic theory and applied theory of music.Neurobiology as principal part of brain science has become the fastest growing advanced science among all the branches of life science.It is now possible to explore into the nervous system,especially the mystery of human brain,and scientists and music researchers have oriented music researches toward human brain and nervous system,expecting to find solutions to some complex problems and issues that have remained unsolved for long.This shows,therefore,that the principles and theories of neurobiology can be used,together with such new technologies as Neurological Imaging Technology,Electrophysiology,Two-photon Microscope,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Positive Emission Tomography,to study the various phenomena in music,solve the existing problems,interpret the relationship between music and man as well as the effect of music on neurobiology,and serve the music cause with the help of the physiological structures and functions of human body.These newest measures and methods in the field of music research are being applied by major technologically advanced countries.The more sensory cells and nerve cells of other kinds from the thalamus and the brain are involved in music activities,the more possibly he or she will become a musician.During the process of music activity,the sensory cells in the thalamus build countless sensory modules,and each acoustic module may restore various memories of music sensation.″ Auditory sense″ in our words is what a sensory module produces in our thalamus.The nerve cells in the brain make a neuronal circuit with the thalamus during the music activity,to build countless samples related with music,each of which restores the consciousness,concept,understanding and perception of music,and which may include both visual samples and abstract samples.The music samples are the very basis of ″ auditory perception″ in terms of neurobiology.Without music samples,there would be no auditory perception of music.Music samples exist in different parts of the brain or nuclei(including cerebral cortex,hypothalamus,basal ganglia and cerebellum).The more exchanges among them in the brain there are and the farther they stay from the centre,the more delicate the music samples will be,and the more precise and explicit the aroused musical sense will be.Therefore,the sensory module of music and the music samples are the essence and kernel of music activity.One of the question that has never been answered perfectly in the music circle is:why music can express feelings芽 The essence and the kernel actually lie in the formation of music sensory module and music samples.Our body is a large chemical plant in which chemical reactions are generated by chemical substances to produce emotion,feeling and mood.Music activity can only be accomplished on the basis of brain mechanism and neural mechanism as the most fundamental way of brain and neural system activity is the intercellular communication and signal transmission in the process of electric signal→chemical signal→electric signal.Every detail of music activity is completed according to this principle.During this process,the neural system may release a lot of chemical substances,such as neurotransmitter,neuropeptide and neurohormone,without which there would be no intercellular communication or signal transmission,and hence no music activity.This research provides a theoretical basis for our music research work in general,and in particular,will be guiding a new approach to the construction of basic music theory.