甘肃省贫困农村地区5岁以下儿童营养不良和贫血状况调查

Malnutrition and anemia status of children under 5 years old in poverty rural areas of Gansu Province

目的分析甘肃省贫困农村地区5岁以下儿童营养不良和贫血状况及其影响因素,为制定儿童营养相关的策略和政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,对1398名调查对象的营养状况进行分析,用Z评分法和血红蛋白值评价儿童营养和贫血状况,用Logistic回归分析可能的影响因素,应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果调查儿童中低出生体重儿占5.4%;近2周有腹泻和上呼吸道疾病的儿童分别占15.1%和31.1%;6个月内婴幼儿的母乳喂养率、混合喂养率和人工喂养率分别为45.3%、43.2%和11.4%。儿童的生长迟缓率为11.7%、低体重率为7.8%、消瘦率为6.6%、贫血率为11.7%,儿童生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率和贫血率在各月龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中24～36月龄组生长迟缓率最高,低体重率、消瘦率和贫血率的患病高峰在6～12月龄,各月龄组性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析结果表明,儿童生长迟缓的影响因素是出生体重(OR=1.001),低体重的影响因素有月龄(OR=1.019)、出生体重(OR=1.001),消瘦的影响因素有月龄(OR=1.054)和出生体重(OR=1.001),贫血的影响因素为月龄(OR=1.029)。结论甘肃省贫困农村地区5岁以下儿童营养不良和贫血状况仍然较为严重,应针对各年龄段儿童营养不良状况特点制定相应干预措施,从而改善甘肃省贫困地区儿童营养健康状况。

Objective To analyze malnutrition and anemia status and its possible influence factors among chil- dren under 5 years old in poverty rural areas of Gansu Province, and provide evidence for establishment of children nutrition related policies. Methods 1398 subjects were selected by multistage cluster sampling to analysis the nutrition status. The situation of malnutrition and anemia of children were evaluated by Z-scores and hemoglobin concentration, and its influence factors were tested by logistic regression analysis. The data were analyzed by software SPSS 13.0. Results The ratio of low birth weight was 5.4% , and there were 15.1% and 31.1% of children suffered from diarrhea and respiratory diseases in the previous two weeks. The ratios of breast feeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding of children under six months old were 45.3%, 43.2% and 11.4%, respectively. Stunting prevalence of children was 11.7% , underweight prevalence was 7.8% , wasting prevalence was 6. 6% and anemia prevalence was 11.7% , differences of the stunting, underweight, wast- ing and anemia prevalence of children in different months of age groups had statistical significance （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The stun- ting prevalence of 24 - 36 months group was the highest, and the peak of underweight, wasting and anemia prevalence was 6 - 12 months group, there was no difference in gender in different months groups （P 〉 0. 05 ）. According to multiple factor analysis results, birth weight was the influence factor of stunting （ OR = 1. 001 ） , the influence factors of underweight were months of age （ OR = 1. 019 ） and birth weight （ OR = 1. 001 ） , the influence factors of wasting were months of age （ OR = 1. 054） , birth weight （ OR = 1. 001 ） months of age was the influence factor of anemia （ OR = 1. 029 ）. Conclusion Malnutrition and anemia of children under 5 years old were still serious health problems in poverty rural areas of Gansu Province, we should take comprehensive intervention measures according to the characteristics of each age group to improve the nutritional and healthy status of children in poverty rural areas.