湖北省宜昌市登革热防治知识健康教育干预效果评价

The effect evaluation of health education intervention of Dengue fever prevention and control in Yichang City,Hubei Province

目的为了解湖北省宜昌市居民对登革热相关防治知识的知晓情况,评价登革热防治知识健康教育干预效果,为制定有效的健康教育策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法选择调查对象,采取集中健康教育和一对一入户健康教育,将健康教育前、后问卷调查结果进行统计学比较。结果调查对象在健康教育后的知、信、行各方面知晓率与之前相比有显著性提高。健康教育前人群对登革热相关知识的知晓率最低项仅20.4%,健康教育后对各项知识的知晓率均高于84.6%,对登革热的传播媒介、病原体及临床表现等方面的知晓率明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);健康教育前人群的相关行为形成率各项中最高仅78.8%,健康教育后形成率各项中最低为79.0%,在基本防蚊措施、居住环境的维护、就医及预防态度上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);健康教育前,相关知识获取途径主要依靠电视、网络、广播(59.0%),健康教育后,获取途径主要依靠小区宣传栏(84.0%)。结论以集中健康教育结合一对一入户健康教育的方式对城市小区居民实施健康教育,提高了普通人群对登革热相关知识的认知水平,以及在流行季节对该病的重视程度。

Objective To understand the awareness rate of knowledge about Dengue fever of Yichang City, Hu- bei Province, evaluate the result of health education intervention, and explore the strategies of health education and health promotion for the prevention of Dengue fever. Methods Sample was selected via multi-stage random sampling method. City residents were proceeding co-education and one by one education respectively, and then analysed the datas of before and after education. Results The awareness rate of knowledge of health was different significantly before and after educa- tion. By health education, the lowest awareness rate was increased from 20.4% to 84. 6% （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, and the aware- ness rate was ranked high especially in the aspects of media, pathogens and clinical manifestations ; the highest formation of related behaviors was from 78. 8% to 79.0%, and there were significantly differences （P 〈 0. 01 ） especially in basic anti- mosquito measures, maintenance of living environment, medical treatment, and preventional attitude; knowledge was obtained from mainly rely on television, internet, and radio （59. 0% ）, to community bulletin boards （ 84. 0% ）. Conclusion Co-education combined with one by one health education significantly improved people＇ s awareness and the impor- tance of Dengue fever in the epidemic season.