辽宁省凌河口湿地景观格局动态演变及景观破碎化分析

An Analysis of Dynamic Evolution and Landscape Fragmentation of Linghai Estuary Wetland in Liaoning

景观破碎化与动态演变分析是景观生态学研究的核心之一。通过动态演变与景观破碎化分析,可在一定程度上揭示出湿地稳定性和人类干扰程度。根据凌河口保护区1988、1995、2000、2005、2009年5期湿地数据,通过土地动态度、斑块类型面积、斑块数、斑块密度、类型百分比、形状指数、分维数、分离度7个景观指标研究保护区的湿地空间变化特征及破碎化程度并进行造成湿地景观格局变化驱动力分析。研究结果表明,凌河口湿地景观的破碎化在1988年以前就很明显,1988-2009年呈现继续破碎化的趋势;而造成凌河口湿地格局演变的原因主要有自然和人为活动及社会经济的因素的影响,只有尽快建立凌河口湿地恢复对策,采取积极的保护措施,实现经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的统一。

An analysis of landscape fragmentation and dynamic evolution is one of the key problems of landscape ecology. By an anal- ysis of dynamic evolution and landscape fragmentation, the stability of the wetland and the extent of human disturbance can be re- vealed. In this paper, according to the wetland data in 1988,1995,2000,2005,2009 of Linghai Estuary Reserves, by the dynamic model of land, patch area, patch number, patch density, proportion of patches area separation and fractal dimension and so on, we can do research on the characteristics of the spatial variation and the fragmentation of wetland reserves. The results show that it is clear in fragmentation of the landscape in the year 1988 and it will be continued in fragmentation. The reason of wetland landscape pattern variations is mainly human activities and social-economic factors. Active protection and restoration measures must be taken as quickly as possible to achieve economic, social and ecological benefit unification for Liaohe River Delta wetland natural reserve.