近年来海南甘蔗育种场甘蔗开花诱导与新种质杂交利用研究

Recent Studies on Flowering Induction and Utilization of New Genetic Resources in Sugarcane at Hainan Sugarcane Breeding Station

对Ｂａｄｉｌａ、 Ｂｌａｃｋ Ｃｈｅｒｉｂｏｎ、 Ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｉｎａ、粤糖５７－４２３、 Ｃｏ４１９、闽糖７０－６１１以及新引进的热带种５７ＮＧ１５５、ＩＪ７６－３１５和Ｋｏｒｐｉ等进行了人工开花诱导试验。除Ｂｌａｃｋ Ｃｈｅｒｉｂｏｎ和Ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｉｎａ外，其它参试品系均成功地诱导开花。这些品种在适当的处理条件下，开花率达３０％以上，始花期提早至１１月上旬至１２月上旬，有效地解决了在海南甘蔗育种场自然条件下不开花或花期太迟的问题。１９９５／９６～１９９８／９９杂交季，海南甘蔗育种场利用新热带种资源（包括Ｂａｄｉｌａ）与当地的细茎野生种和斑茅、新引进的大茎野生种以及印度种进行基础杂交，共做了５０个与新引进热带种有关的组合，生产了６６个杂交花穗，定植８７００多株实生苗，选育出一批遗传基础广泛的基础杂交后代。

Experiments on artificial induction of flowering were carried out with Badila, Black Cheribon, Crystalina and some shy-flowering commercial varieties, as well as newly introduced S. officinarum clones, such as 57NG155, IJ76-315 and Korpi etc. AlI clones under experiment tasseled except Black Cheribon and Crystalina. The clones that produced flowers began flowering during early November and early December with tasseling rate of over 30% under the favorable treating conditions. From 1995/96 to 1998/99 crossing seasons, new S officinarum clones (including Badila) were used for crossing with clones of local S .spontaneum S. robustum S. barberi and Erianthus arundinaceus at Hainan Sugarcane Breeding Station. 50 crosses producing 66 pollened tassels were made. Some promising parental materials of broadened genetic basis have been selected from more than 8700 seedlings planted.