施肥和土壤调理剂对酸性旱地红壤的修复效应

Restoration Effect of Different Fertilization and Soil Conditioner on Eroded Red Soil

采用连续4年盆栽试验,研究了无机和有机肥及土壤调理剂对强侵蚀红壤的培肥效应。结果表明,施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、NPK+有机肥(NPKM)、NPK+土壤调理剂1(NPKR1)和NPK+土壤调理剂2(NPKR2)施肥处理与不施肥对照(CK)比较均可提高土壤养分含量,其中,NPKM处理显著提高土壤有机质和碱解氮含量,NPKR2处理显著提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。各施肥处理均可提高土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)和有效阳离子交换量(ECEC),以NPKR2和NPKM处理提高土壤ECEC效果最显著。各施肥处理均明显提高土壤酸碱缓冲容量,以NPKR1和NPKR2处理效果最佳。各施肥处理的大豆和油菜生物产量均明显高于CK处理,且NPKM处理的作物生物量极显著高于对照(CK)和其他3种施肥处理,但不同季别的作物产量不稳定。说明施肥与土壤调理剂在短期内难以使退化红壤达到作物高产的理想修复效果。

The pot experiments were conducted continuously for four years to study the effect of inorganic and organic fertilizer and soil conditioner on eroded red soil. The result showed that the soil nutrient content of CK treatment was lower than that of fertilizer treatments NPK, NPKM, NPKR1 and NPKR2. Treatment NPKM could increase the content of soil organic and available nitrogen significantly, NPKR2 could increase the content of soil available phosphorus and potassium significantly. Each fertilizer treatment could increase soil CEC and ECEC, treatments of NPKR2 and NPKM increased ECEC most significantly. Each fertilizer treatment improved the acid-base buffer capacity, the best two treatments were NPKR1 and NPKR2. Biomass of soybean and rape under fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than CK, moreover, biomass of NPKM was very significantly higher than CK and other 3 fertilizer treatments. However, yield of crops in different seasons were unstable which indicated that fertilizer and soil conditioner could not gain relatively satisfactory effect of eroded red soil and reach the high yield of crops in a short time.