反馈在自我调节学习中的作用

The Role of Feedback in Self-regulated Learning

反馈一直是学习研究领域中非常重要的主题之一。随着学习理论的发展,人们对反馈的研究逐渐深化与综合化。一方面从自我调节学习的过程模型出发,考察了反馈的不同因素对自我调节学习过程和结果的作用;另一方面以自我调节学习的社会认知理论为框架,探讨了情绪、学业成绩等个体因素以及目标定向、任务难度等情境因素对反馈作用的交互影响。未来研究需要进一步探讨内部反馈信息以及学习者元认知监控的调节作用,结合个体和情境因素揭示反馈对自我调节学习的整体动态过程的影响,并设计出促进学习和教学实践的反馈方案。

Feedback is always an important theme in learning domain. As the development of learning theory, researches on feedback got more deeply and integrated. Recent researches explored the influencing role of different factors of feedback in the context of processing model of self-regulated learning theory on the one hand, and also explored the mediating and moderating role of contextual factors （such as goal-orientation and task complexity） and individual factors （such as emotion and academic achievement） between feedback and self-regulated learning in the context of social cognitive theory on the other hand. Future research should pay attention on the metacognitive monitoring process and internal clues, explore the role of feedback in learning process dynamically integrated with individual and contextual factors, and design feedback that would improve learning and instruction.